Magister Teknologi Pendidikan

1. Relax. The employment interview is just a meeting. And although you should not treat this meeting lightly, don’t forget that the organization interviewing you is in need of your services as much as, or perhaps more than, you are of theirs.
2. The key to successful interviewing is rapport building. Most people spend their time preparing for interviews by memorizing canned responses to anticipated questions. Successful interviewers spend most of their time practicing the art of rapport building through the use of powerfully effective communicating techniques.
3. Prepare a manila folder that you will bring to the interview. Include in the folder:
* company information (annual reports, sales material, etc.)
* extra resumes (6–12) and your letters of reference
* 15 questions you’ve prepared based on your research and analysis of the company
* a blank legal pad, pen, and anything else you consider helpful (e.g., college transcripts)
4. Dress appropriately. Determine the dress code and meet it. If their dress is business casual, you still need to be dressed in business professional. Practice proper grooming and hygiene.
5. Shoes, of course, must be polished.
6. Wear limited jewelry.
7. Call the day before and confirm the appointment—it will set you apart.
8. Be certain that you know exactly where you’re going. Arrive in plenty of time. You should be at the receptionist’s desk 10–12 minutes before the scheduled interview.
9. Prior to meeting the receptionist, check your appearance. Check your hair, clothing, and general image. Test your smile.
10. Secretaries, administrative assistants, and receptionists often have a say in the hiring process. Make a strong first impression with them.
11. Look around the office and search for artifacts that disclose the personality and culture of the company—and possibly the interviewer. This information will be helpful in initially breaking the ice, when you first begin discussions.
12. Be aware of your body language. Sit erect, with confidence. When standing and walking, move with confidence!
13. Your handshake should be firm, made with a wide-open hand, fingers stretched wide apart. Women should feel comfortable offering their hands and firm and friendly handshakes. A power handshake and great smile will get you off to a great start.
14. Eye contact is one of the most powerful forms of communicating. It demonstrates confidence, trust, and power.
15. During the interview, lean forward toward the interviewer. Show enthusiasm and sincere interest.
16. Take notes during the interview. You may want to refer to them later in the interview. If you are uncomfortable with this, ask permission first.
17. Be prepared for all questions, especially uncomfortable ones. Before the interview, script out a one-page response for each question that poses a problem for you, and practice repeating it until you’re comfortable with it.
18. Communicate your skills, qualifications, and credentials to the hiring manager. Describe your market value and the benefits you offer. Demonstrate how you will contribute to the bottom line. Show how you can 1) improve sales, 2) reduce costs, 3) improve productivity, or 4) solve organizational problems.
19. Key in on specific accomplishments. Accomplishments determine hireability. They separate the winners from the runners-up.

20. Listening skills are priceless! Job offers are made to those who listen well, find hidden
meanings, and answer questions in a brief but effective manner.
21. Let the interviewer bring up salary first. The purpose of an interview is to determine
whether there is a match. Once that is determined, salary should then be negotiated.
22. There is no substitute for planning and preparation, practice and rehearsing—absolutely
none.
23. Practice interviewing techniques using video technology. A minimum of five hours of video practice, preferably more, guarantees a stellar performance.
24. Close the sale. If you find that you want the position, ask for it. Ask directly, “Is there anything that would prevent you from offering me this position now?” or “Do you have any reservations or concerns?” (if you sense that). At the very least, this should flush out any objections and give you the opportunity to turn them into positives.
25. Always send a thank-you note within 24 hours of every employment meeting.

1. Develop a team of people who will be your board of directors, advisors, and mentors. The quality of the people you surround yourself with will determine the quality of your results.
2. Plan a marketing strategy. Determine how many hours a week you will work, how you’ll divide your time, and how you’ll measure your progress. Job searching is a business in itself—and a marketing strategy is your business plan.
3. Identify 25 (50 would be better) companies or organizations that you would like to work for.
4. Contact the companies, or do some research, to identify hiring authorities.
5. Define your network (see “Networking Tips”). Make a list of everyone you know including relatives, friends, acquaintances, family doctors, attorneys, and CPAs, the cleaning person, and the mail carrier. Virtually everyone is a possible networking contact.
6. Prioritize your list of contacts into three categories: 1) Strong, approachable contacts, 2) good contacts or those who must be approached more formally, and 3) those who you’d like to contact but can’t without an introduction by another party.
7. Set up a filing system or database to organize and manage your contacts.
8. Develop a script or letter for the purpose of contacting the key people in your network, asking for advice, information, and assistance. Then start contacting them. 

9. Attempt to find a person, or persons, in your network who can make an introduction into one of the 25 or 50 companies you’ve noted in number 3.
10. Spend 65 to 70 percent of your time, energy, and resources networking because 65 to 70 percent of all jobs are secured by this method.
11. Consider contacting executive recruiters or employment agencies to assist in your job search.
12. If you are a recent college graduate, seek out assistance from the campus career center.
13. Scout the classified advertisements every Sunday. Respond to ads that interest you, and look at other ads as well. A company may be advertising for a position that does not fit your background, but say in the ad they are “expanding in the area,” etc. You have just identified a growing company.
14. Seek out advertisements and job opportunities in specific trade journals and magazines.
15. Attend as many social and professional functions as you can. The more people you meet, the better your chances are of securing a position quickly.
16. Send out resumes with customized cover letters to targeted companies or organizations. Address the cover letter to a specific person. Then follow up.
17. Target small to medium-sized companies. Most of the opportunities are coming from these organizations, not large corporations.
18. Consider contacting temporary agencies. Almost 40 percent of all temporary personnel are offered permanent positions. Today, a greater percentage of middle and upper management, as well as professionals, are working in temporary positions.
19. Use online services. America Online, Prodigy, and CompuServe have career services, employment databases, bulletin boards, and online discussion and support groups, as well as access to the Internet. This is the wave of the future.
20. If you are working from home, be sure the room you are working from is inspiring, organized, and private. This is your space and it must motivate you!
21. If your plan is not working, meet with members of your support team and change the plan. You must remain flexible and adaptable to change.
22. Read and observe. Read magazines and newspapers and listen to CNBC, CNN, and so on. Notice which companies and organizations are on the move and contact them.

23. Set small, attainable, weekly goals. Keep a weekly progress report on all your activities. Try to do a little more each week than the week before.
24. Stay active. Exercise and practice good nutrition. A job search requires energy. You must remain in superior physical and mental condition.
25. Volunteer. Help those less fortunate than you. What goes around comes around.

1. When typing your resume out with the intent of emailing, make sure it is in an ASCII format.
2. Use keywords heavily in the introduction of the resume, not at the end.
3. Keywords are almost always nouns, related to skills, such as financial analysis, marketing, accounting, or Web design.
4. When sending your resume via email in an ASCII format, attach (if you can) a nicely formatted one in case it does go through and the reader would like to see your creativity and preferred layout. If you do attach it, use a common program like MS Word.
5. Don’t focus on an objective in the introduction of the resume, but rather accomplishments, using keywords to describe them.
6. Don’t post your resume to your own Web site unless it is a very slick page. A poorly executed Web page is more damaging than none at all.
7. Before you email your resume, experiment sending it to yourself and to a friend as a test drive.
8. Look up the Web site of the company you are targeting to get recent news information about new products, etc., and look for their job posting for new information.
9. Before your interview or verbal contact, research the company’s Web site.
10. Use a font size between 10 and 14 point, make it all the same for an ASCII format resume, and don’t create your resume for emailing with lines exceeding 65 characters.
11. In case your resume may be scanned, use white paper with no borders and no creative fonts.
12. Include your email address on your resume and cover letter.
13. Don’t email from your current employer’s IP network.
14. Don’t circulate your work email address for job search purposes.
15. In the “subject” of your email (just below the “address to” part), put something more creative than “Resume Enclosed.” Try “Resume showing 8 years in telecommunications industry” (if that is your chosen industry), for example.
16. For additional sources of online job searching, do a “search” on the Web for job searching, your company, and your specific discipline for additional information.
17. Be careful of your spelling on the Internet. You will notice more spelling errors on email exchanges than you will ever see in mailed letter exchanges.
18. Try to make sure your resume is scannable. This means it has a simple font, no borders, no creative lining, no bold face, no underlining, no italics, and limited if any columning. Though the practice of scanning is overestimated, it should still be a consideration.
19. Purchase or check out of a library an Internet directory listing the many links to job opportunities out there. There are thousands.
20. If you are using the email as your cover letter, keep it brief. If the reader is reading on screen, their tolerance for reading long information is reduced dramatically.
21. Always back up what you can on a disk.
22. If you post your resume to a newsgroup, first make sure that this is acceptable to avoid any problems with other participants.
23. Remember that tabs and spaces are the only formatting you can do in ASCII.
24. Make sure you check your email every day. If you are communicating via the Internet, people may expect a prompt return.
25. Don’t send multiple emails to ensure that one gets through. Try to send it with a confirmation of receipt, or keep a look out for a notice from you ISP that the message didn’t go through.

Strategi belajar-mengajar dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa jenis, tergantung dari segi apa kita mengelompokkannya. Ada strategi belajar- mengajar yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan komponen yang mendapat tekanan dalam program pengajaran, seperti telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Dalam
hal ini dikenal tiga macam strategi belajar-mengajar, yaitu:
1. Strategi belajar-mengajar yang berpusat pada guru.
2. Srraregi belajar-mengajar yang berpusat pada peserta didik.

3. Srraregi belajar-mengajar yang berpusat pada materi pengajaran.

Dilihat dari kegiatan pengolahan pesan arau materi, maka strategi belajar-mengajar dapat kita bedakan dalam dua jenis,yaitu:
I Straregi belajar-mengajar ekspositori di mana guru mengolah secara tuntas pesan/materi sebelum disampaikan di kelas sehingga peserta didik tinggal menerima saja.

2. Strategi belajar-mengajar heuristik arau kuriorstik, di mana peserta didik mengolah sendiri pesan/materi dengan pengarahan dari guru.

Strategi belajar-mengajar dapat pula dilihat dari cara pengolahan atau memproses pesan atau materi. Dari segi ini, straregi belajar-mengajar dapat dibedakan dalam dua jenis. yaitu:

Strategi belajar-mengajar deduksi, yaitu pesan diolah mulai dari umum menuju kepada yang khusus, dari hal-hal yang abstrak kepada hal-hal yang konkret, dari konsep-konsep yang abstrak kepada conroh-contoh yang konkret. Strategi belajar-mengajar induksi, yaitu pengolahan pesan yang dimulai dari hal-hal yang khusus menuju kepada hal-hal yang umum, dari peristiwa-peristiwa yang bersifat individual menuju kepada generalisasi, dari pengalaman-pengalaman empiris yang individual menuju kepada konsep yang bersifat umum.

Mengajar sebagai usaha unruk menciptakan situasi lingkungan yang membelajarkan peserta didik, menuntut strategi belajar-mengajar heuristik. Dengan strategi heuristik, diharapkan peserta didik dapat memproses sendiri penemuannya melalu; stimulasi dan pengarahan dari guru. Karena itu, dilihar dari cara memproses penemuan maka strategi bdajar-mengajar dibedakan atas strategi ekspositori dan strategi discovery.

Sumber 
Judul : Strategi Belajar-Mengajar
Penerbit Grasindo
Pengarang : W. Gulo

Andragogi adalah ilmu yang membahas pendekatan dalam interaksi pembelajaran antara pendidik dan peserta didik yang berusia dewasa. Semula Andragogi digunakan dalam satuan, jenis, dan lingkup program pendidikan nonformal yang sistemik, namun sekarang pendekatan ini sering pula diterapkan dalam satuan pendidikan formal sejak satuan, jenis, dan lingkup program pendidikan dasar, pendidikan menengah, dan pendidikan tinggi.
 

Istilah andragogi diambil dari bahasa Yunani. andr dan agogo. Andr artinya dewasa dan agogo berarti membimbing atau mengamong. Jadi, andragogi adalah kegiatan membimbing atau mengamong orang dewasa. Sejak tahun tujuh puluhan, andragogi diberi arti sebagai ilmu dan seni untuk membantu orang dewasa belajar (andragogy is the science and arts of helping adults learn). Menurut Knowles (1977), pendekatan pembelajaran ini dianggap sebagai lawan pedagogi (andragogy versus pedagogy).

Pedagogi adalah ilmu dan seni mengajar anak-anak (pedagogy is the science and arts of leaching children). Sejak awal tahun delapanpuluhan, dikembangkan pendekatan kontinum (continuum learning approach) atau pendekatan berdaur dan berkelanjutan dalam pembelajaran (Knowles, 1980; Cross, 1982). Pendekatan ini dapat dimulai dari pedagogi dilanjutkan ke andragogi; atau sebaliknya, yaitu berawal dari andragogi dilanjutkan ke pedagogi, dan seterusnya.
 

Pendekatan kontinum didasarkan atas asumsi bahwa semakin dewasa peserta didik maka: (a) konsep dirinya semakin berubah dari ketergantungan kepada pendidik menuju sikap dan perilaku mengarahkan diri dan saling belajar. (b) makin berakumulasi pengalaman belajarnya yang dapat dijadikan sumber belajar (learning resources) dan orientasi belajar mereka berubah dari penguasaan terhadap materi ke kemampuan pemecahan masalah, (e) kesiapan belajarnya adalah untuk menguasai kemampuan dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kehidupan nyata, dan (d) makin membutuhkan keterlibatan diri dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran.

Sumber: 

Judul : Ilmu dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Bagian 2

Penerbit : PT. Imperial Bhakti Utama

Tahun : 2007